Harlan and pope in 1922 first proposed backcrossing as an appropriate breeding method for cereal crops. In this method, the parent used for backcrossing has a large number of desirable attributes but lacks a few characteristics. Principles of plant breeding icar ecourse pdf book agrimoon. Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Djiwanti, in plant macronutrient use efficiency, 2017. Pdf backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor. Backcrossing is when you take a plant or animal and cross it with one of its parents or possibly another closely related family member. Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good characteristics of the.
Definition and meaning of backbreeding in dogs breeding. When f 1 individuals are crossed with one of the two parents either ccred flowered or ccwhite flowered from which they have been derived, then such a cross is called back cross. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Targeted crossbreeding and selection amplified the speed of the breeding. As a result, the genotype of the backcross progeny becomes increasingly similar to that of the recurrent parent. Others scientists before him had determined that normal uric. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation.
The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently another limitation is that the enhanced variety differs only slightly from the recurrent parent, with usually. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing within seven seasons. The objective is to reduce the donor genome content dgc of the progenies by repeated back crosses. Markerassisted backcrossing in breeding slideshare. Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and backcross method. Backcross of f1 hybrid with the recessive phenotype can be considered as a test. List reasons why backcross breeding is necessary in developing genetically engineered lines. Difference between test cross and backcross definition. Dalmatian backcross project past, present and future. Crossbreeding, sometimes called designer crossbreeding, is the process of breeding such an organism, often with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages, or producing an organism with hybrid vigor. The objective of backcross method is to improve one or.
This seems to violate mendels postulate of independent assortment of genes and can make it difficult to pick out a single trait from one parent without also bringing. Find cross breeding lesson plans and teaching resources. Markerassisted backcrossing in breeding doctoral seminar presented by. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Back cross method and various modified methods backcross method in backcross method of breeding, the hybrid and the progenies in subsequent generations are repeatedly backcrossed to one of the parents. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. To produce by the mating of individuals of different breeds, varieties, or species. The two types of experiment performed by mendel are. Production characteristics of crossbred, backcross, and purebred. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. It therefore makes sense to buy sires based on estimated breeding values ebvs and structural soundness. Crossbreeding is the recommended breeding strategy for commercial meat sheep and meat goat production.
Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted. Crossbreed definition of crossbreed by merriamwebster. An illustration of a backcrossing scheme aiming to transfer a.
Learn about the comparison between pedigree method and back cross method. An example of this would be taking a horse and breeding it with a zebra. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain. Crossbreeding without such information will always be a mediocre operation. Sep 14, 2016 backcrossing backcross breeding is a wellknown procedure for the introgression of a target gene from a donor line into the genomic background of a recipient line. Crossbreeding definition of crossbreeding by the free. Another assurance that first records would be relatively free from selection bias. Test cross and backcross are two types of popular crosses in plant breeding. Another promising application of the backcross breeding approach at irri is selection for drought tolerance in bc2 populations in the molecular breeding program socalled because dna markers are used to track the introgression of donor segments into the. Backcrossing backcross breeding is a wellknown procedure for the introgression of a target gene from a donor line into the genomic background of a recipient line.
Overview and objectives advanced backcross breeding. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 2 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent. Backcrossing breeding free download as powerpoint presentation. The method is used generally to improve the yield and other characters of the variety. Rather, it is the systematic use of breed resources to produce offspring of a specific type. Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mabc august 20.
Cannabis breeding techniques advanced grow weed easy. Pdf on aug 1, 2016, gurvinder singh brah and others published animal breeding. Since these lines are typically lower yielding, older lines, once a plant is successfully transformed it must go through backcrossing to move the transgene into a high yielding, elite line. Pdf induce breeding to develop backcross generations of. Back cross method full explanation through diagram. Backcrossing is necessary because the lines that lend themselves well to tissue culture and transformation are typically older, low yielding lines. Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or.
A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. Dominant gene to transfer this is a breeding scheme to transfer a resistance gene governed by dominant gene in a susceptible variety having recessive gene which is otherwise high yielding i. A cross between f1 hybrid and one of its parents is known as a backcross. Weaber department of animal science and industry kansas state university introduction the dramatic changes and volatility cowcalf production system input costs and calf values have many producers wondering about the value of heterosis in todays beef.
The aim of this method to produce the new variety which is totally different from the parents bearing superior characters. Dec 18, 2019 backcrossing is a powerful technique to help breeders stabilize strains. Backcrossing breeding dominance genetics plant breeding. Backcross definition of backcross by the free dictionary. Haley and robin thompson roslin institute edinburgh, roslin, midlothian eh25 sps, scotland manuscript received december 12, 1995 accepted for publication august 28, 1996 abstract. Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding programs peter m. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or. Transfer of leaf rust resistance to malviya 12 wheat examples malwia 12 wheat high yielding wheat variety became susceptible to stem and leaf rusts sparrow genes for all the three rusts resistance were transferred through back crossing programme f1 100 plants were grown all were back crossed to malwia 12 bc1 500 plants were grown.
The backcross project began in 1973 when geneticist and dalmatian breeder, 1robert schaible ph. In pedigree selection, elite plant lines are developed from a. Selection in backcross programmes philosophical transactions of. The backcross is useful in genetics studies for isolating separating out certain characteristics in a related group of animals or plants. Yorkshires have acceptable rates of gain in muscle. Ppt backcross breeding powerpoint presentation free to. Some crop lines are genetically more equipped to handle the stresses of tissue culture. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics. And again, the original dog s will mate with the strongest from that newest generation d2, etc. The efficiency of markerassisted introgression in backcross populations derived from inbred lines was investigated by simulation. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free.
A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Dec 22, 2015 backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. Difference between test cross and backcross compare the. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The downside of backcrossing is when the recurrent parent is not very true breeding and result in generations that are segregated with the many traits are deemed desirable, but fail to be reproduced consistently another limitation is that the enhanced variety differs only slightly from the recurrent parent. Backcross method for dominant and recessive gene transfer. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This method of breeding is often used by growers who grow indoors. Back cross method full explanation through diagram applications of back cross method plant breeding anirudh tiwari. Breeding back is a form of artificial selection by the deliberate selective breeding of domestic animals, in an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that resembles a wild type ancestor, usually one that has gone extinct. Crossbreeding involves the mating of animals from two breeds. Inbreed to fix traits, cross breed to add traits february 10, 2014 gamefowl circuit despite what so called livestock or poultry experts say about avoding inbreeding and choosing cross breeding as a way for improving your stock, here is why you choose either based on what purpose you have for your gamefowl. The variety which receives gene is recipient parent and variety which is the source of gene is called as donor parent. Plant breeders use backcrossing to transfer the transgene from these older lines into elite, high yielding lines.
Feb 15, 2015 back breeding is another form of inbreeding where one dog s is mating with another specimen d to then mate with the strongest from that new generation d1. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted selection for the proportion of the. The study was undertaken to develop different backcross generations of catla catla ham. Pdf selection in backcross programmes researchgate. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for markerassisted backcrossing. Genetic linkage is a phenomenon in which genes tend to be inherited together.
An example is the crossbreeding of yorkshire and duroc breeds of pigs. Backcross method 18 back cross method and various modified. This was to be done by backcrossing to the red sindhi and sinlultaneously. The success of any crossbreeding programme is dependent on the quality of the parent breeds. Normally, breeds are chosen that have complementary traits that will enhance the offsprings economic value. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Backcrossing is a wellknown and long established breeding scheme where a characteristic is introgressed from a donor parent into the. Backcross is the breeding of f1 hybrid with one of the parents. The past, present and future of plant breeding vib. B1 crxc, b2 crxr, b1r crxcx r and bc1f2 crxcxcrxc in central agricultural research institute cari, port. Cross breeding is the process of breeding with the intention to create offspring that share the traits of both parent lineages or to produce an animal with hybrid vigour the improved or increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. Backcrossing is a twogeneration breeding protocol that starts by generating hybrid f1 mice between two inbred strains preferably distantly related, one of them carrying the mutation of interest. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. This manipulation involves either controlled pollination.
Backcross, the mating of a hybrid organism offspring of genetically unlike parents with one of its parents or with an organism genetically similar to the parent. Breeding program management irri rice knowledge bank. Backcross breeding method 410 hort 407 4 backcross breeding at the end, all genes will be homozygous except the genes transferred from the donor parent one or few generation of selfing will result in a variety homozygous at all loci, including newly transferred genes the new variety would have all the adaptability of the recurrent parent in addition to the good. Hybridization is the breeding of animals from two different species. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of using selectable markers, elisa, and pcr in screening for transgenic plants during the backcrossing. If the trait of interest is produced by a dominant gene, this process involves four rounds of backcrossing. Principles and applications find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. As a breeding practice, crossbreeding does not denote the indiscriminate mixing of breeds. Back cross and test cross genetics biology by sayan. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted backcrossing mabc bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Dec 31, 2018 this video will show you how to step by step hand breeding, thanks for watching. Backcrossing is the plant breeding method most widely used to incorporate one or a few genes into an elite or adapted variety. Backcross breeding enables breeders to transfer a desired trait such as a transgene from one variety donor parent, dp into the favored genetic background of another recurrent parent, rp.
Background genotypes were simulated assuming that a genetic model of many genes of small effects in coupling phase explains the observed breed difference and variance in backcross populations. Choosing parents and managing a pedigree breeding program. The objective is to reduce the donor genome content dgc of the progenies by repeated backcrosses. Only plants from rr bc2 plants are crossed to rp single recessive allele progeny test in same season each bc4f1 plant is progeny tested. Backcrossing has been used by plant breeders for decades to transfer specific character into elite lines. Introduction to plant breeding master gardener training. The issue of plant breeding techniques and their compatibil. The idea is to create offspring which are genetically similar to the desired parent. Backcross helps to recover important characters of the parent population within hybrid populations. Markerassisted introgression in backcross breeding programs. Test cross is the breeding of dominant phenotype with its recessive phenotype.